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DNA mutation

Changes in DNA (Mutations)

Dec 26, 2016• Category: Biology

When it was recognized that changes (mutations) in genes occur spontaneously (T. H. Morgan, 1910) and can be induced by X-rays (H. J. Muller, 1927), the...

DNA Amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Dec 23, 2016• Category: Biology

The introduction of cell-free methods for multiplying DNA fragments of defined origin (DNA amplification) in 1985 ushered in a new era in molecular genetics...

Southern blot

Restriction Analysis by Southern Blot Analysis

Dec 23, 2016• Category: Biology

Restriction endonucleases are DNA-cleaving enzymes with defined sequences as targets. They are often simply called restriction enzymes. Since each enzyme...

DNA cloning

DNA Cloning

Nov 26, 2016• Category: Biology

To obtain sufficient amounts of a specific DNA sequence (e.g., a gene of interest) for study, it must be selectively amplified. This is accomplished by DNA...

Automated gene sequencing

Automated DNA Sequencing

Nov 26, 2016• Category: Biology

Large-scale DNA sequencing requires automated procedures based on fluorescence labeling of DNA and suitable detection systems. In general, a fluorescent label...

Gene sequencing

Genome sequencing

Nov 25, 2016• Category: Biology

Knowledge of the nucleotide sequence of a gene provides important information about its structure, function, and evolutionary relationship to other similar...

DNA Eukaryotic gene structure

Eukaryotic gene structure

Nov 25, 2016• Category: Biology

Eukaryotic genes consist of coding and noncoding segments of DNA, called exons and introns, respectively.At first glance it seems to be an unnecessary burden...

A-DNA-B-DNA-Z-DNA

Alternative DNA Structures

Nov 23, 2016• Category: Biology

Gene expression and transcription can be influenced by changes of DNA topology. However, this type of control of gene expression is relatively universal and...

Observation of Griffith

DNA as Carrier of Genetic Information

Nov 23, 2016• Category: Biology

Although DNA was discovered in 1869 by Friedrich Miescher as a new, acidic, phosphorus containing substance made up of very large molecules that he named...

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